Experiment in Lab-II

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Lab II, Fall Semester 2010

Faraday's Effect



List of Equipment Equipment used in this experiment
Equipment Manuals Lock-in Amplifier
Student's Manual This experiment extends the concept of optical activity of chiral solution to magnetically induced birefringence through the historically important Faraday Effect, which reveals the rich interplay between optics and magnetism.
Sample Results Faraday rotation varies linearly with magnetic field
Maximum rotation is observed when analyzer is oriented at 45 degree w.r.t polarizer
Further Readings and References "A simple experiment for determining Verdet constants using alternating current magnetic fields", Jain, A., Kumar, J., Li, L., and Tripathy, S. American Journal of Physics 67 (8), 714-717 (1999).

“A Faraday rotation experiment for undergraduate laboratory" Loeffler, F. J. American Journal of Physics 51 (7), 661-663 (1983)
“Faraday rotation in the undergraduate advanced laboratory" Pedrotti, F. L., and Bandettini, P. American Journal of Physics 58 (6), 542-545 (1990)

“Determination of Verdet constant from combined ac and dc measurements" Turvey, K. Rev. Sci. Instruments 64 (6), 1561-1568 (1993)

Noise and Autocorrelation

List of Equipment Equipment used in this experiment
Student's Manual The experiment gives you an introduction to noise and its analysis. Our main objective in this experiment is to investigate many statistical properties of white noise. This experiment is divided into sections, such that each section introduces one of the key concepts, and finally this culminates to our final objective.
Sample Results White noise with RC Filter of cut off frequency of 500Hz
PRBS generator output after level shifter
Normalized autocorrelation with different cut off frequencies
Further Readings and References "Autocorrelation of Electrical Noise: An undergraduate Experiment", Loren, J., Collings, B. C., and Collings, P. J., American Journal of Physics 63 (7), 592-595 (1995).

“Investigating Properties of White Noise in the Undergraduate Laboratory" Umer Hassan, Shoaib Shamim , M. Sabieh Anwar. European Journal of Physics 30, 1143-1151 (2009)

"Noise Reduction by Signal Accumulation", K. Yaakov. The Physics Teachers 44, 528-530 (2006).




  1. Applications of a lock-in amplifier
  2. Biomedical signal acquisition and processing
  3. Selected experiments on quantum optics
  4. Cyclone physics, weather fronts and air circulation
  5. Cosmic rays and lifetimes of muons, time dilation
  6. Thermal standing waves in a toroid and measurement of thermal diffusivity
  7. Making a high-temperature superconductor and measuring its properties
  8. Fabricating a nitrogen laser
  9. Investigating Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of hot gas molecules using velocity selection
  10. more to come
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